How to Exercise for Brain Health
(CONSUMER REPORTS) You have many good reasons to become more
physically active: Doing so can boost mood, help maintain a healthy
weight, and keep muscles strong. Now a growing body of evidence suggests
that workouts may have brain benefits as well.
Much of the research on brain health and exercise is focused on
aerobics. Yet a recent analysis from the University of Canberra in
Australia found that certain nonaerobic activities can also help improve
brain function in people over 50.
“Even when people did have some level of decline already, they were
actually able to improve their cognitive function,” says the study’s
author, Joseph Northey, a Ph.D. candidate in sport and exercise science.
We reviewed the most recent research to find tips on optimizing your
exercise routine to help improve your brain health and keep your mind
sharp.
Take a Brisk Walk
If you don’t exercise now, it’s easy to start. Just walk out your door and keep going.
It’s fine to start small. Build up from 10 minutes walking a day
until you get to at least 30, says Elissa Burton, Ph.D., a research
fellow in the school of physiotherapy and exercise science at Curtin
University in Australia.
And if you can, pick up your pace. Getting your heart rate up will
maximize the benefits to your brain, according to Helen Macpherson,
Ph.D., a dementia research fellow at Deakin University in Australia.
That means you should be exercising at an intensity where you start to
find it difficult to have a conversation.
Do More Than the Minimum
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that older
adults get 150 minutes of this sort of moderately intense aerobic
exercise each week, which is five 30-minute workouts. But the biggest
boost in brain health in the Canberra study was linked to exercise
sessions of 45 to 60 minutes.
So try consolidating some workouts into a longer session. Or gradually work up to 45 to 60 minutes, five days per week.
Try Tai Chi
This Chinese martial art, which consists of slow, rhythmic movements,
was one of several types of exercise tied to improved cognitive
functioning in the recent Canberra study.
Plus it’s low-impact, which can be good for people who haven’t been
active in awhile, Northey says. It’s also easy on your joints.
To learn the proper technique, it’s best to seek out a local class,
Northey says. You can find instructors near you who are certified by the
American Tai Chi and Qigong Association.
Resistance Training Can Help, Too
Resistance training, exercise that causes muscles to contract, is
meant to strengthen, but it may also help protect against cognitive
decline. And you don’t need weights or other equipment, Northey says.
The CDC recommends resistance training at least twice per week. Here are
three tips to get you started:
Stand up, sit down, repeat. As long as you’re steady on your feet,
try standing up from a chair without using your hands. Do this in sets
of five or more anytime you find yourself sitting around the house.
Make daily tasks harder. Choose stairs over elevators and escalators.
You’ll get an aerobic workout and build muscle at the same time.
Join a class. Northey’s study found that group programs incorporating
resistance and aerobic training were beneficial for the brain. Check
out the offerings at your local YMCA or senior center, and remember to
talk with your doctor before you start any new exercise program.